{"id":23413,"date":"2023-12-31T13:49:45","date_gmt":"2023-12-31T10:49:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=23413"},"modified":"2026-05-13T09:32:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T06:32:35","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%84-1899-1914","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/en\/product\/%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%84-1899-1914","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0644 1899 &#8211; 1914"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"content\" class=\"\">\n<div class=\"product-blocks blocks-default\">\n<div class=\"tabs-container product_extra product_tabs product_tabs-default\">\n<div class=\"tab-content\">\n<div id=\"product_tabs-659146247c377\" class=\"product_extra-242 tab-pane active\">\n<div class=\"block-body expand-block\">\n<div class=\"block-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"block-content\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644. \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a 1892 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0623\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 (\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1899-1900 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0644- \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b&#8221;. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 1600 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 16 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u06487000 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632). \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 -\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a 1920 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643. \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 (\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b). \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1926 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<aside id=\"column-right\" class=\"side-column\">\n<div class=\"grid-rows\">\n<div class=\"grid-row grid-row-column-right-1\">\n<div class=\"grid-cols\">\n<div class=\"grid-col grid-col-column-right-1-1\">\n<div class=\"grid-items\">\n<div class=\"grid-item grid-item-column-right-1-1-1\">\n<div class=\"module module-side_products module-side_products-300\">\n<div class=\"module-body side-products-blocks\">\n<div class=\"module-item module-item-2\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641: \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631\u062f \u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0644 ( \u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0644)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":26171,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"product_cat":[969,958],"product_tag":[],"ppma_author":[885],"class_list":{"0":"post-23413","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-969","7":"product_cat-958","8":"author-bookadmintoros","10":"first","11":"instock","12":"taxable","13":"shipping-taxable","14":"purchasable","15":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/23413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23413"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=23413"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=23413"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/torousbookstore.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=23413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}